《道德经》中英文对照《Tao Te Ching》中
老子:「道德经」:第三十一章
夫兵者,不祥之器,
物或恶之,故有道者不处。
君子居则贵左,用兵则贵右。
兵者不祥之器,非君子之器,
不得已而用之,恬淡为上。
胜而不美,而美之者,是乐杀人。
夫乐杀人者,则不可得志于天下矣。
吉事尚左,凶事尚右。
偏将军居左,上将军居右,言以丧礼处之。
杀人之众,以悲哀泣之,战胜以丧礼处之。
Chapter31
Nowarms,howeverbeautiful,areinstrumentsofevilomen,hateful,itmaybesaid,toallcreatures.ThereforetheywhohavetheTaodonotliketoemploythem.
Thesuperiormanordinarilyconsidersthelefthandthemosthonourableplace,butintimeofwartherighthand.Thosesharpweaponsareinstrumentsofevilomen,andnottheinstrumentsofthesuperiorman;——heusesthemonlyonthecompulsionofnecessity.Calmandreposearewhatheprizes;victory(byforceofarms)istohimundesirable.Toconsiderthisdesirablewouldbetodelightintheslaughterofmen;andhewhodelightsintheslaughterofmencannotgethiswillinthekingdom.
Onoccasionsoffestivitytobeonthelefthandistheprizedposition;onoccasionsofmourning,therighthand.Thesecondincommandofthearmyhashisplaceontheleft;thegeneralcommandinginchiefhashisontheright;——hisplace,thatis,isassignedtohimasintheritesofmourning.Hewhohaskilledmultitudesofmenshouldweepforthemwiththebitterestgrief;andthevictorinbattlehashisplace(rightly)accordingtothoserites.
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老子:「道德经」:第三十二章
道常无名朴。
虽小,天下莫能臣。
侯王若能守之,万物将自宾。
天地相合,以降甘露,民莫之令而自均。
始制有名,名亦既有,
夫亦将知止,知止可以不殆。
譬道之在天下,犹川谷之于江海。
Chapter32
TheTao,consideredasunchanging,hasnoname.
Thoughinitsprimordialsimplicityitmaybesmall,thewholeworlddaresnotdealwith(oneembodying)itasaminister.Ifafeudalprinceorthekingcouldguardandholdit,allwouldspontaneouslysubmitthemselvestohim.
HeavenandEarth(underitsguidance)unitetogetherandsenddownthesweetdew,which,withoutthedirectionsofmen,reachesequallyeverywhereasofitsownaccord.
Assoonasitproceedstoaction,ithasaname.Whenitoncehasthatname,(men)canknowtorestinit.Whentheyknowtorestinit,theycanbefreefromallriskoffailureanderror.
TherelationoftheTaotoalltheworldislikethatofthegreatriversandseastothestreamsfromthevalleys.
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老子:「道德经」:第三十三章
知人者智,自知者明。
胜人者有力,自胜者强。
知足者富。
强行者有志。
不失其所者久。
死而不亡者寿。
Chapter33
Hewhoknowsothermenisdiscerning;hewhoknowshimselfisintelligent.Hewhoovercomesothersisstrong;hewhoovercomeshimselfismighty.Hewhoissatisfiedwithhislotisrich;hewhogoesonactingwithenergyhasa(firm)will.
Hewhodoesnotfailintherequirementsofhisposition,continueslong;hewhodiesandyetdoesnotperish,haslongevity.
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老子:「道德经」:第三十四章
大道泛兮,其可左右。
万物恃之以生而不辞,功成而不有。
衣养万物而不为主,可名于小﹔
万物归焉而不为主,可名为大。
以其终不自为大,故能成其大。
Chapter34
All-pervadingistheGreatTao!Itmaybefoundonthelefthandandontheright.
Allthingsdependonitfortheirproduction,whichitgivestothem,notonerefusingobediencetoit.Whenitsworkisaccomplished,itdoesnotclaimthenameofhavingdoneit.Itclothesallthingsaswithagarment,andmakesnoassumptionofbeingtheirlord;——itmaybenamedinthesmallestthings.Allthingsreturn(totheirrootanddisappear),anddonotknowthatitisitwhichpresidesovertheirdoingso;——itmaybenamedinthegreatestthings.
Hencethesageisable(inthesameway)toaccomplishhisgreatachievements.Itisthroughhisnotmakinghimselfgreatthathecanaccomplishthem.
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老子:「道德经」:第三十五章
执大象,天下往。
往而不害,安平泰。
乐与饵,过客止。
道之出口,淡乎其无味,
视之不足见,听之不足闻,用之不足既。
Chapter35
TohimwhoholdsinhishandstheGreatImage(oftheinvisibleTao),thewholeworldrepairs.Menresorttohim,andreceivenohurt,but(find)rest,peace,andthefeelingofease.
Musicanddaintieswillmakethepassinggueststop(foratime)。
ButthoughtheTaoasitcomesfromthemouth,seemsinsipidandhasnoflavour,thoughitseemsnotworthbeinglookedatorlistenedto,theuseofitisinexhaustible.
——
老子:「道德经」:第三十六章
将欲歙之,必故张之﹔将欲弱之,必故强之﹔
将欲废之,必故兴之﹔将欲取之,必故与之。
是谓微明。
柔弱胜刚强。
鱼不可脱于渊,国之利器不可以示人。
Chapter36
Whenoneisabouttotakeaninspiration,heissuretomakea(previous)expiration;whenheisgoingtoweakenanother,hewillfirststrengthenhim;whenheisgoingtooverthrowanother,hewillfirsthaveraisedhimup;whenheisgoingtodespoilanother,hewillfirsthavemadegiftstohim:——thisiscalled‘Hidingthelight(ofhisprocedure)。’
Thesoftovercomesthehard;andtheweakthestrong.
Fishesshouldnotbetakenfromthedeep;instrumentsfortheprofitofastateshouldnotbeshowntothepeople.
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老子:「道德经」:第三十七章
道常无为而无不为。
侯王若能守之,万物将自化。
化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。
镇之以无名之朴,夫将不欲。
不欲以静,天下将自正。
Chapter37
TheTaoinitsregularcoursedoesnothing(forthesakeofdoingit),andsothereisnothingwhichitdoesnotdo.
Ifprincesandkingswereabletomaintainit,allthingswouldofthemselvesbetransformedbythem.
Ifthistransformationbecametomeanobjectofdesire,Iwouldexpressthedesirebythenamelesssimplicity.
SimplicitywithoutanameIsfreefromallexternalaim.Withnodesire,atrestandstill,Allthingsgorightasoftheirwill.
——
老子:「道德经」:第三十八章
上德不德,是以有德﹔
下德不失德,是以无德。
上德无为而无以为﹔
下德无为而有以为。
上仁为之而无以为﹔
上义为之而有以为。
上礼为之而莫之应,
则攘臂而扔之。
故失道而后德,失德而后仁,
失仁而后义,失义而后礼。
夫礼者,忠信之薄,而乱之首。
前识者,道之华,而愚之始。
是以大丈夫处其厚,不居其薄﹔
处其实,不居其华。故去彼取此。
Chapter38
(Thosewho)possessedinhighestdegreetheattributes(oftheTao)didnot(seek)toshowthem,andthereforetheypossessedthem(infullestmeasure)。(Thosewho)possessedinalowerdegreethoseattributes(soughthow)nottolosethem,andthereforetheydidnotpossessthem(infullestmeasure)。
(Thosewho)possessedinthehighestdegreethoseattributesdidnothing(withapurpose),andhadnoneedtodoanything.(Thosewho)
possessedtheminalowerdegreewere(always)doing,andhadneedtobesodoing.
(Thosewho)possessedthehighestbenevolencewere(alwaysseeking)
tocarryitout,andhadnoneedtobedoingso.(Thosewho)
possessedthehighestrighteousnesswere(alwaysseeking)tocarryitout,andhadneedtobesodoing.
(Thosewho)possessedthehighest(senseof)proprietywere(alwaysseeking)toshowit,andwhenmendidnotrespondtoit,theybaredthearmandmarcheduptothem.
ThusitwasthatwhentheTaowaslost,itsattributesappeared;
whenitsattributeswerelost,benevolenceappeared;whenbenevolencewaslost,righteousnessappeared;andwhenrighteousnesswaslost,theproprietiesappeared.
Nowproprietyistheattenuatedformofleal-heartednessandgoodfaith,andisalsothecommencementofdisorder;swiftapprehensionis(only)afloweroftheTao,andisthebeginningofstupidity.
ThusitisthattheGreatmanabidesbywhatissolid,andeschewswhatisflimsy;dwellswiththefruitandnotwiththeflower.Itisthusthatheputsawaytheoneandmakeschoiceoftheother
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老子:「道德经」:第三十九章
昔之得一者:
天得一以清﹔
地得一以宁﹔
神得一以灵﹔
谷得一以生﹔
侯得一以为天下正。
其致之也,谓天无以清,将恐裂﹔
地无以宁,将恐废﹔
神无以灵,将恐歇﹔
谷无以盈,将恐竭﹔
万物无以生,将恐灭﹔
侯王无以正,将恐蹶。
故贵以贱为本,高以下为基。
是以侯王自称孤、寡、不谷。
此非以贱为本邪。非乎。故致誉无誉。
是故不欲琭琭如玉,珞珞如石。
Chapter39
ThethingswhichfromofoldhavegottheOne(theTao)are——
Heavenwhichbyitisbrightandpure;
Earthrenderedtherebyfirmandsure;
Spiritswithpowersbyitsupplied;
ValleyskeptfullthroughouttheirvoidAllcreatureswhichthroughitdolivePrincesandkingswhofromitgetThemodelwhichtoalltheygive.
AllthesearetheresultsoftheOne(Tao)。
Ifheavenwerenotthuspure,itsoonwouldrend;
Ifearthwerenotthussure,‘twouldbreakandbend;
Withoutthesepowers,thespiritssoonwouldfail;
Ifnotsofilled,thedroughtwouldparcheachvale;
Withoutthatlife,creatureswouldpassaway;
Princesandkings,withoutthatmoralsway,Howevergrandandhigh,wouldalldecay.
Thusitisthatdignityfindsits(firm)rootinits(previous)
meanness,andwhatisloftyfindsitsstabilityinthelowness(fromwhichitrises)。Henceprincesandkingscallthemselves‘Orphans,’‘Menofsmallvirtue,’andas‘Carriageswithoutanave.’Isnotthisanacknowledgmentthatintheirconsideringthemselvesmeantheyseethefoundationoftheirdignity?Soitisthatintheenumerationofthedifferentpartsofacarriagewedonotcomeonwhatmakesitanswertheendsofacarriage.Theydonotwishtoshowthemselveselegant-lookingasjade,but(prefer)tobecoarse-lookingasan(ordinary)stone.
「道德經」:第四十章
反者道之动﹔弱者道之用。
天下万物生于有,有生于无。
Chapter40
ThemovementoftheTaoBycontrariesproceeds;
AndweaknessmarksthecourseOfTao‘smightydeeds.
AllthingsunderheavensprangfromItasexisting(andnamed);
thatexistencesprangfromItasnon-existent(andnotnamed)。
老子:「道德经」:第四十一章
上士闻道,勤而行之﹔中士闻道,若存若亡﹔
下士闻道,大笑之。不笑不足以为道。
故建言有之:
明道若昧﹔进道若退﹔夷道若颣﹔上德若谷﹔广德若不足﹔建德若偷﹔质真若渝﹔大白若辱﹔大方无隅﹔大器晚成﹔大音希声﹔大象无形﹔道隐无名。
夫唯道,善贷且成。
Chapter41
Scholarsofthehighestclass,whentheyhearabouttheTao,earnestlycarryitintopractice.Scholarsofthemiddleclass,whentheyhaveheardaboutit,seemnowtokeepitandnowtoloseit.Scholarsofthelowestclass,whentheyhaveheardaboutit,laughgreatlyatit.Ifitwerenot(thus)laughedat,itwouldnotbefittobetheTao.
Thereforethesentence-makershavethusexpressedthemselves:——
‘TheTao,whenbrightestseen,seemslighttolack;
Whoprogressinitmakes,seemsdrawingback;
Itsevenwayislikearuggedtrack.Itshighestvirtuefromthevaledothrise;
Itsgreatestbeautyseemstooffendtheeyes;
Andhehasmostwhoselottheleastsupplies.Itsfirmestvirtueseemsbutpoorandlow;
Itssolidtruthseemschangetoundergo;
ItslargestsquaredothyetnocornershowAvesselgreat,itistheslowestmade;
Loudisitssound,butneverworditsaid;
Asemblancegreat,theshadowofashade.‘
TheTaoishidden,andhasnoname;butitistheTaowhichisskilfulatimparting(toallthingswhattheyneed)andmakingthemcomplete.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十二章
道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。
万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和。
人之所恶,唯孤、寡、不谷,而王公以为称。
故物或损之而益,或益之而损。
人之所教,我亦教之。
强梁者不得其死,吾将以为教父。
Chapter42
TheTaoproducedOne;OneproducedTwo;TwoproducedThree;
ThreeproducedAllthings.AllthingsleavebehindthemtheObscurity(outofwhichtheyhavecome),andgoforwardtoembracetheBrightness(intowhichtheyhaveemerged),whiletheyareharmonisedbytheBreathofVacancy.
Whatmendislikeistobeorphans,tohavelittlevirtue,tobeascarriageswithoutnaves;andyetthesearethedesignationswhichkingsandprincesuseforthemselves.Soitisthatsomethingsareincreasedbybeingdiminished,andothersarediminishedbybeingincreased.
Whatothermen(thus)teach,Ialsoteach.Theviolentandstrongdonotdietheirnaturaldeath.Iwillmakethisthebasisofmyteaching.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十三章
天下之至柔,驰骋天下之至坚。
无有入无间,吾是以知无为之有益。
不言之教,无为之益,天下希及之。
Chapter43
Thesoftestthingintheworlddashesagainstandovercomesthehardest;thatwhichhasno(substantial)existenceenterswherethereisnocrevice.Iknowherebywhatadvantagebelongstodoingnothing(withapurpose)。
Therearefewintheworldwhoattaintotheteachingwithoutwords,andtheadvantagearisingfromnon-action.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十四章
名与身孰亲。身与货孰多。得与亡孰病。
甚爱必大费﹔多藏必厚亡。
故知足不辱,知止不殆,可以长久。
Chapter44
Orfameorlife,Whichdoyouholdmoredear?
Orlifeorwealth,Towhichwouldyouadhere?
Keeplifeandlosethoseotherthings;
Keepthemandloseyourlife:——whichbringsSorrowandpainmorenear?
Thuswemaysee,WhocleavestofameRejectswhatismoregreat;
WholoveslargestoresGivesupthericherstate.
WhoiscontentNeedsfearnoshame.WhoknowstostopIncursnoblame.FromdangerfreeLongliveshallhe.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十五章
大成若缺,其用不弊。
大盈若冲,其用不穷。
大直若屈,大巧若拙,大辩若讷。
静胜躁,寒胜热。清静为天下正。
Chapter45
WhothinkshisgreatachievementspoorShallfindhisvigourlongendure.Ofgreatestfulness,deemedavoid,Exhaustionne‘ershallstemthetide.Dothouwhat’sstraightstillcrookeddeem;
Thygreatestartstillstupidseem,Andeloquenceastammeringscream.
Constantactionovercomescold;beingstillovercomesheat.Purityandstillnessgivethecorrectlawtoallunderheaven.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十六章
天下有道,却走马以粪。
天下无道,戎马生于郊。
祸莫大于不知足﹔咎莫大于欲得。
故知足之足,常足矣。
Chapter46
WhentheTaoprevailsintheworld,theysendbacktheirswifthorsesto(draw)thedung-carts.WhentheTaoisdisregardedintheworld,thewar-horsesbreedintheborderlands.
Thereisnoguiltgreaterthantosanctionambition;nocalamitygreaterthantobediscontentedwithone‘slot;nofaultgreaterthanthewishtobegetting.Thereforethesufficiencyofcontentmentisanenduringandunchangingsufficiency.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十七章
不出户,知天下﹔不窥牖,见天道。
其出弥远,其知弥少。
是以圣人不行而知,不见而明,不为而成。
Chapter47
Withoutgoingoutsidehisdoor,oneunderstands(allthattakesplace)underthesky;withoutlookingoutfromhiswindow,oneseestheTaoofHeaven.Thefartherthatonegoesout(fromhimself),thelessheknows.
Thereforethesagesgottheirknowledgewithouttravelling;gavetheir(right)namestothingswithoutseeingthem;andaccomplishedtheirendswithoutanypurposeofdoingso.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十八章
为学日益,为道日损。
损之又损,以至于无为。
无为而无不为。
取天下常以无事,及其有事,不足以取天下。
Chapter48
Hewhodevoteshimselftolearning(seeks)fromdaytodaytoincrease(hisknowledge);hewhodevoteshimselftotheTao(seeks)
fromdaytodaytodiminish(hisdoing)。
Hediminishesitandagaindiminishesit,tillhearrivesatdoingnothing(onpurpose)。Havingarrivedatthispointofnon-action,thereisnothingwhichhedoesnotdo.
Hewhogetsashisownallunderheavendoessobygivinghimselfnotrouble(withthatend)。Ifonetaketrouble(withthatend),heisnotequaltogettingashisownallunderheaven.
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老子:「道德经」:第四十九章
圣人常无心,以百姓心为心。
善者,吾善之﹔不善者,吾亦善之﹔德善。
信者,吾信之﹔不信者,吾亦信之﹔德信。
圣人在天下,歙歙焉,为天下浑其心,
百姓皆注其耳目,圣人皆孩之。
Chapter49
Thesagehasnoinvariablemindofhisown;hemakesthemindofthepeoplehismind.
Tothosewhoaregood(tome),Iamgood;andtothosewhoarenotgood(tome),Iamalsogood;——andthus(all)gettobegood.Tothosewhoaresincere(withme),Iamsincere;andtothosewhoarenotsincere(withme),Iamalsosincere;——andthus(all)gettobesincere.
Thesagehasintheworldanappearanceofindecision,andkeepshismindinastateofindifferencetoall.Thepeopleallkeeptheireyesandearsdirectedtohim,andhedealswiththemallashischildren.
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老子:「道德经」:第五十章
出生入死。
生之徒,十有三﹔
死之徒,十有三﹔
人之生,动之于死地,亦十有三。
夫何故。
以其生之厚。
盖闻善摄生者,路行不遇兕虎,入军不被甲兵﹔
兕无所投其角,虎无所用其爪,兵无所容其刃。
夫何故。以其无死地。
Chapter50
Mencomeforthandlive;theyenter(again)anddie.
Ofeverytenthreeareministersoflife(tothemselves);andthreeareministersofdeath.
Therearealsothreeineverytenwhoseaimistolive,butwhosemovementstendtotheland(orplace)ofdeath.Andforwhatreason?
Becauseoftheirexcessiveendeavourstoperpetuatelife.
ButIhaveheardthathewhoisskilfulinmanagingthelifeentrustedtohimforatimetravelsonthelandwithouthavingtoshunrhinocerosortiger,andentersahostwithouthavingtoavoidbuffcoatorsharpweapon.Therhinocerosfindsnoplaceinhimintowhichtothrustitshorn,northetigeraplaceinwhichtofixitsclaws,northeweaponaplacetoadmititspoint.Andforwhatreason?
Becausethereisinhimnoplaceofdeath.
老子:「道德经」:第五十一章
道生之,德畜之,物形之,势成之。
是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。
道之尊,德之贵,夫莫之命而常自然。
故道生之,德畜之﹔
长之育之﹔成之熟之﹔养之覆之。
生而不有,为而不恃,
长而不宰。是谓玄德。
Chapter51
AllthingsareproducedbytheTao,andnourishedbyitsoutflowingoperation.Theyreceivetheirformsaccordingtothenatureofeach,andarecompletedaccordingtothecircumstancesoftheircondition.ThereforeallthingswithoutexceptionhonourtheTao,andexaltitsoutflowingoperation.
ThishonouringoftheTaoandexaltingofitsoperationisnottheresultofanyordination,butalwaysaspontaneoustribute.
ThusitisthattheTaoproduces(allthings),nourishesthem,bringsthemtotheirfullgrowth,nursesthem,completesthem,maturesthem,maintainsthem,andoverspreadsthem.
Itproducesthemandmakesnoclaimtothepossessionofthem;itcarriesthemthroughtheirprocessesanddoesnotvauntitsabilityindoingso;itbringsthemtomaturityandexercisesnocontroloverthem;——thisiscalleditsmysteriousoperation.
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老子:「道德经」:第五十二章
天下有始,以为天下母。
既得其母,以知其子,
复守其母,没身不殆。
塞其兑,闭其门,终身不勤。
开其兑,济其事,终身不救。
见小曰明,守柔曰强。
用其光,复归其明,无遗身殃﹔是为袭常。
Chapter52
(TheTao)whichoriginatedallundertheskyistobeconsideredasthemotherofthemall.
Whenthemotherisfound,weknowwhatherchildrenshouldbe.Whenoneknowsthatheishismother‘schild,andproceedstoguard(thequalitiesof)themotherthatbelongtohim,totheendofhislifehewillbefreefromallperil.
Lethimkeephismouthclosed,andshutuptheportals(ofhisnostrils),andallhislifehewillbeexemptfromlaboriousexertion.Lethimkeephismouthopen,and(spendhisbreath)inthepromotionofhisaffairs,andallhislifetherewillbenosafetyforhim.
Theperceptionofwhatissmallis(thesecretofclear-sightedness;theguardingofwhatissoftandtenderis(thesecretof)strength.
Whouseswellhislight,Revertingtoits(sourceso)bright,Willfromhisbodywardallblight,Andhidestheunchangingfrommen‘ssight.
老子:「道德经」:第五十三章
使我介然有知,行于大道,唯施是畏。
大道甚夷,而人好径。
朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚﹔
服文采,带利剑,厌饮食,
财货有余﹔是为盗夸。
非道也哉。
Chapter53
IfIweresuddenlytobecomeknown,and(putintoapositionto)conduct(agovernment)accordingtotheGreatTao,whatIshouldbemostafraidofwouldbeaboastfuldisplay.
ThegreatTao(orway)isverylevelandeasy;butpeoplelovetheby-ways.
Theircourt(-yardsandbuildings)shallbewellkept,buttheirfieldsshallbeill-cultivated,andtheirgranariesveryempty.Theyshallwearelegantandornamentedrobes,carryasharpswordattheirgirdle,pamperthemselvesineatinganddrinking,andhaveasuperabundanceofpropertyandwealth;——such(princes)maybecalledrobbersandboasters.ThisiscontrarytotheTaosurely!
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十四章
善建者不拔,
善抱者不脱,子孙以祭祀不辍。
修之于身,其德乃真﹔
修之于家,其德乃余﹔
修之于乡,其德乃长﹔
修之于邦,其德乃丰﹔
修之于天下,其德乃普。
故以身观身,
以家观家,以乡观乡,
以邦观邦,以天下观天下。
吾何以知天下然哉。以此。
Chapter54
What(Tao‘s)skilfulplanterplantsCanneverbeuptorn;
Whathisskilfularmsenfold,Fromhimcanne‘erbeborne.Sonsshallbringinlengtheningline,Sacrificestohisshrine.
Taowhennursedwithinone‘sself,Hisvigourwillmaketrue;
AndwherethefamilyitrulesWhatricheswillaccrue!
TheneighbourhoodwhereitprevailsInthrivingwillabound;
Andwhen‘tisseenthroughoutthestate,Goodfortunewillbefound.Employitthekingdomo’er,Andmenthriveallaround.
Inthiswaytheeffectwillbeseenintheperson,bytheobservationofdifferentcases;inthefamily;intheneighbourhood;
inthestate;andinthekingdom.
HowdoIknowthatthiseffectissuretoholdthusallunderthesky?Bythis(methodofobservation)。
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十五章
含「德」之厚,比于赤子。
毒虫不螫,猛兽不据,攫鸟不搏。
骨弱筋柔而握固。
未知牝牡之合而峻作,精之至也。
终日号而不嗄,和之至也。
知和曰「常」,
知常曰「明」。
益生曰祥。心使气曰强。
物壮则老,谓之不道,不道早已。
Chapter55
Hewhohasinhimselfabundantlytheattributes(oftheTao)islikeaninfant.Poisonousinsectswillnotstinghim;fiercebeastswillnotseizehim;birdsofpreywillnotstrikehim.
(Theinfant‘s)bonesareweakanditssinewssoft,butyetitsgraspisfirm.Itknowsnotyettheunionofmaleandfemale,andyetitsvirilemembermaybeexcited;——showingtheperfectionofitsphysicalessence.Alldaylongitwillcrywithoutitsthroatbecominghoarse;——showingtheharmony(initsconstitution)。
Tohimbywhomthisharmonyisknown,(Thesecretof)theunchanging(Tao)isshown,Andintheknowledgewisdomfindsitsthrone.Alllife-increasingartstoevilturn;
Wherethemindmakesthevitalbreathtoburn,(False)isthestrength,(ando‘eritweshouldmourn.)
Whenthingshavebecomestrong,they(then)becomeold,whichmaybesaidtobecontrarytotheTao.WhateveriscontrarytotheTaosoonends.
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十六章
知者不言,言者不知。
挫其锐,解其纷,和其光,
同其尘,是谓「玄同」。
故不可得而亲,不可得而疏﹔
不可得而利,不可得而害﹔
不可得而贵,不可得而贱。故为天下贵。
Chapter56
Hewhoknows(theTao)doesnot(careto)speak(aboutit);hewhois(everreadyto)speakaboutitdoesnotknowit.
He(whoknowsit)willkeephismouthshutandclosetheportals(ofhisnostrils)。Hewillblunthissharppointsandunravelthecomplicationsofthings;hewillattemperhisbrightness,andbringhimselfintoagreementwiththeobscurity(ofothers)。Thisiscalled‘theMysteriousAgreement.’
(Suchanone)cannotbetreatedfamiliarlyordistantly;heisbeyondallconsiderationofprofitorinjury;ofnobilityormeanness:——heisthenoblestmanunderheaven.
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十七章
以正治国,以奇用兵,以无事取天下。
吾何以知其然哉。以此:
天下多忌讳,而民弥贫﹔
人多利器,国家滋昏﹔
人多伎巧,奇物滋起﹔
法令滋彰,盗贼多有。
故圣人云:
「我无为,而民自化﹔
我好静,而民自正﹔
我无事,而民自富﹔
我无欲,而民自朴。」
Chapter57
Astatemayberuledby(measuresof)correction;weaponsofwarmaybeusedwithcraftydexterity;(but)thekingdomismadeone‘sown(only)byfreedomfromactionandpurpose.
HowdoIknowthatitisso?Bythesefacts:——Inthekingdomthemultiplicationofprohibitiveenactmentsincreasesthepovertyofthepeople;themoreimplementstoaddtotheirprofitthatthepeoplehave,thegreaterdisorderisthereinthestateandclan;themoreactsofcraftydexteritythatmenpossess,themoredostrangecontrivancesappear;themoredisplaythereisoflegislation,themorethievesandrobbersthereare.
Thereforeasagehassaid,‘Iwilldonothing(ofpurpose),andthepeoplewillbetransformedofthemselves;Iwillbefondofkeepingstill,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesbecomecorrect.Iwilltakenotroubleaboutit,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesbecomerich;Iwillmanifestnoambition,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesattaintotheprimitivesimplicity.’
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十八章
其政闷闷,其民淳淳﹔
其政察察,其民缺缺。
是以圣人方而不割,廉而不刿,
直而不肆,光而不耀。
祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏。
孰知其极。其无正也。
正复为奇,善复为妖。
人之迷,其日固久。
Chapter58
Thegovernmentthatseemsthemostunwise,Oftgoodnesstothepeoplebestsupplies;
Thatwhichismeddling,touchingeverything,Willworkbutill,anddisappointmentbring.
Misery!——happinessistobefoundbyitsside!Happiness!——miserylurksbeneathit!Whoknowswhateitherwillcometointheend?
Shallwethendispensewithcorrection?The(methodof)correctionshallbyaturnbecomedistortion,andthegoodinitshallbyaturnbecomeevil.Thedelusionofthepeople(onthispoint)hasindeedsubsistedforalongtime.
Thereforethesageis(like)asquarewhichcutsnoone(withitsangles);(like)acornerwhichinjuresnoone(withitssharpness)。
Heisstraightforward,butallowshimselfnolicense;heisbright,butdoesnotdazzle.
——
老子:「道德经」:第五十九章
治人事天,莫若啬。
夫唯啬,是谓早服﹔
早服谓之重积德﹔重积德则无不克﹔
无不克则莫知其极﹔莫知其极,可以有国﹔
有国之母,可以长久﹔
是谓深根固柢,长生久视之道。
Chapter59
Forregulatingthehuman(inourconstitution)andrenderingthe(proper)servicetotheheavenly,thereisnothinglikemoderation.
Itisonlybythismoderationthatthereiseffectedanearlyreturn(toman‘snormalstate)。ThatearlyreturniswhatIcalltherepeatedaccumulationoftheattributes(oftheTao)。Withthatrepeatedaccumulationofthoseattributes,therecomesthesubjugation(ofeveryobstacletosuchreturn)。Ofthissubjugationweknownotwhatshallbethelimit;andwhenoneknowsnotwhatthelimitshallbe,hemaybetherulerofastate.
Hewhopossessesthemotherofthestatemaycontinuelong.Hiscaseislikethat(oftheplant)ofwhichwesaythatitsrootsaredeepanditsflowerstalksfirm:——thisisthewaytosecurethatitsenduringlifeshalllongbeseen.
——
老子:「道德经」:第六十章
治大国,若烹小鲜。
以道莅天下,其鬼不神﹔
非其鬼不神,其神不伤人﹔
非其神不伤人,圣人亦不伤人。
夫两不相伤,故德交归焉。
Chapter60
Governingagreatstateislikecookingsmallfish.
LetthekingdombegovernedaccordingtotheTao,andthemanesofthedepartedwillnotmanifesttheirspiritualenergy.Itisnotthatthosemaneshavenotthatspiritualenergy,butitwillnotbeemployedtohurtmen.Itisnotthatitcouldnothurtmen,butneitherdoestherulingsagehurtthem.
Whenthesetwodonotinjuriouslyaffecteachother,theirgoodinfluencesconvergeinthevirtue(oftheTao).
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